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Grading is the assignment of an ordinal number to each item of an array, with all numbers distinct, and with the earliest of equal values being assigned a lower ordinal number. Grading can be used to produce the permutation that will put an array in order. Since sorting is a primitive operation in J, grading is more commonly used to put a companion array into an order derived from another array. For example, a table of addresses may be put into an order derived from a table of last names.
| m0=: /: | Grade y up |
| m1=: \: | Grade y down |
| d2=: /:@i. | Grade y up according to key x |
| d3=: \:@i. | Grade y down according to key x |
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y=:'leap','note',:'file'
(] ; m0 ; (m0 { ]) ; m1 ; (m1 { ])) y
+--------------------------+
�leap�2 0 1�file�1 0 2�note�
�note� �leap� �leap�
�file� �note� �file�
+--------------------------+
x=: ' abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' [ y=: 'senator'
x (d2 ; (d2{]) ; d3 ; (d3{])) y
+-------------------------------------------+
�3 1 2 5 6 0 4�aenorst�4 0 6 5 2 1 3�tsronea�
+-------------------------------------------+
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